This is a discharge tube. It consists of a partially-evacuated chamber containing an inert gas at low pressure. If a high Voltage (we used an induction coil) is applied across the terminals, the Voltage will strip electrons from the anode and create a stream of electrons. The electrons interact with the gas atoms, producing a visible beam of light.
Now if a magnet is brought close to the tube, the beam of electrons will deflect (moving charge in a magnetic field) and because this deflection is at right-angles to their motion, they move in a circular path.
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